Mammography is a low-dose X-ray examination of the breast. It is the only breast imaging test shown in large studies to reduce deaths from breast cancer when used for screening, because it can detect changes years before a lump can be felt.
Breast imaging at ShivAnuj Diagnostic Center, Vadodara, is performed and reported by Dr. Shivani Kodnani (MD Radiodiagnosis, DNB, MNAMS, gold medalist), with breast ultrasound and elastography available alongside.
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Screening or diagnostic?
A screening mammogram is done when you have no symptoms, to look for changes early. A diagnostic mammogram is done when there is a symptom — a lump, nipple discharge, skin or nipple change, or focal pain — or to work up an abnormality seen on screening. The diagnostic study involves additional views and is usually combined with ultrasound.
When to start, and how often
Guidance varies between organisations and must be individualised, particularly for women with a family history, a known genetic risk, or previous breast disease. As a general orientation, screening mammography is commonly discussed from around age 40, often annually or every two years, and continued while a woman is in good health. Indian women tend to present at a younger age than Western populations, which is one reason a personal discussion matters more than a fixed rule. Please discuss your own schedule with your doctor.
A mammogram does not replace being familiar with your own breasts. Any new lump, skin dimpling, nipple retraction or bloody discharge should be examined promptly, whatever your last mammogram showed and however recently it was done.
Mammography, ultrasound and elastography together
| Test | Particular strength | Limitation |
|---|---|---|
| Mammography | Detects microcalcifications, which ultrasound often cannot see; the evidence base for screening | Less sensitive in dense breast tissue; uses a small radiation dose |
| Breast ultrasound | Distinguishes cyst from solid; performs well in dense breasts and younger women; no radiation | Not a standalone screening test for the general population |
| Elastography | Adds stiffness information to characterise a lesion | An adjunct only; does not replace the above or biopsy |
In dense breasts, mammography and ultrasound are complementary rather than alternatives, which is why they are frequently reported together.
What the appointment is like
- Book, if possible, in the week after your period, when breasts are less tender.
- Do not apply talcum powder, deodorant or antiperspirant on the day — particles can mimic calcifications on the image.
- Wear a two-piece outfit; you will undress from the waist up.
- Each breast is compressed briefly between two plates. Compression is uncomfortable and occasionally painful, but it lasts only seconds and it is what makes the image readable at a lower dose.
- The examination usually takes about 15–20 minutes.
- Bring any previous mammograms. Comparing with old films is one of the most useful things a radiologist can do.
Understanding your result
Breast imaging reports use a BI-RADS category from 0 to 6 to summarise the level of concern and the recommended next step — from a normal result, through “probably benign, repeat in six months”, to a recommendation for biopsy. A recall for further views does not mean cancer has been found; most recalls turn out to be normal or benign.
Radiation
The radiation dose from a mammogram is low. For women in the age groups where screening is recommended, the accepted view is that the benefit of early detection outweighs the small risk from the dose. Tell the staff if you are pregnant or might be.
Questions patients ask
At what age should I have my first mammogram?
Commonly discussed from around age 40, but it should be individualised — family history, genetic risk and previous breast disease can mean starting earlier. Discuss your own schedule with your doctor.
Is a mammogram painful?
The compression is uncomfortable and for some women briefly painful, but it lasts only seconds per view. Booking in the week after your period usually helps.
Do I need a mammogram if I have had a normal ultrasound?
Possibly. Ultrasound and mammography show different things — mammography detects microcalcifications that ultrasound frequently misses. Which tests you need depends on your age, symptoms and breast density.
Can I have a mammogram if I have breast implants?
Yes, but tell us when booking so that additional implant-displacement views can be planned.
I was called back after my mammogram. Does that mean cancer?
Usually not. Recalls are common and most turn out to be normal or benign. It means the radiologist wants additional views or an ultrasound to look more closely.
Do I need a referral?
Bring one if you have it. Please call +91 94289 74800 to book and to check preparation.
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This page is general health information, not a substitute for a clinical examination. Suitability for any procedure is decided only after an in-person assessment. Individual results vary.